基于预处理方法的冲压式翼伞非定常气动特性数值研究

开展绕冲压式翼伞内外一体化流场的二维、不可压、非定常数值模拟。采用预处理的双时间步长方法 ,研究了冲压式翼伞在有攻角飞行时阻力、升力的瞬态特性和非定常旋涡脱落对翼伞气动力的影响问题。气动力特性的计算值与实验结果吻合较好 ,并观察到升力和阻力在大攻角飞行中的周期性变化规律。同时流场的瞬态特性证实上翼面旋涡的发展与运动是导致翼伞气动力脉动的主要原因。计算发现在前缘切口的冲压作用下 ,翼伞内部的压力较高 ,气流几乎保持滞止 ,这是维持翼伞充气外形的主要原因。     

Effects of wing locations on wing rock induced by forebody vortices

Previous studies have shown that asymmetric vortex wakes over slender bodies exhibit a multi-vortex structure with an alternate arrangement along a body axis at high angle of attack. In this investigation, the effects of wing locations along a body axis on wing rock induced by forebody vortices was studied experimentally at a subcritical Reynolds number based on a body diameter. An artificial perturbation was added onto the nose tip to fix the orientations of forebody vortices. Par-ticle image velocimetry was used to identify flow patterns of forebody vortices in static situations, and time histories of wing rock were obtained using a free-to-roll rig. The results show that the wing locations can affect significantly the motion patterns of wing rock owing to the variation of multi-vortex patterns of forebody vortices. As the wing locations make the forebody vortices a two-vortex pattern, the wing body exhibits regularly divergence and fixed-point motion with azimuthal varia-tions of the tip perturbation. If a three-vortex pattern exists over the wing, however, the wing-rock patterns depend on the impact of the highest vortex and newborn vortex. As the three vortices together influence the wing flow, wing-rock patterns exhibit regularly fixed-points and limit-cycled oscillations. With the wing moving backwards, the newborn vortex becomes stronger, and wing-rock patterns become fixed-points, chaotic oscillations, and limit-cycled oscillations. With fur-ther backward movement of wings, the vortices are far away from the upper surface of wings, and the motions exhibit divergence, limit-cycled oscillations and fixed-points. For the rearmost location of the wing, the wing body exhibits stochastic oscillations and fixed-points.     

侧向喷流干扰流场建立与消退过程数值模拟

针对高超声速轨控侧向喷流的非定常干扰效应问题,应用非定常数值模拟方法和多重网格加速收敛技术,研究了锥-柱-裙外形轨控侧向喷流干扰流场的建立和消退过程,获得了详细的喷流瞬时干扰流场结构特性,分析了法向力放大系数、干扰力矩系数、法向力系数及俯仰力矩系数随时间的变化特性。研究结果表明：在侧向喷流干扰流场建立和消退过程中气动力变化较大,存在峰谷值;法向力放大系数及干扰力矩系数的定常值和非定常时均值之间存在明显差异。     

火箭低空级间热分离初期流场特性数值模拟

采用耦合求解轴对称非定常NS方程与一维分离动力学方程的方法,对多级火箭低空级间热分离初期过程进行数值仿真。依据仿真结果描述低空级间热分离初期流场的两种典型结构：内部为喷管扩张段流动分离以及外部为级间缝隙横向喷流与超声速外流的干扰流场;给出两种典型流场结构中位于上面级弹体表面（喷管内）的流动分离点位置以及壁面压力分布随仿真时间的变化;初步估算流动分离线偏斜时内外流动分离区域对上面级弹体的干扰力矩。通过分析数值模拟与力矩估算结果,发现在低空级间热分离内外流场中流动分离激波后方形成的高压区域是上面级所受干扰力矩的重要来源。研究结论可为级间热分离过程干扰机理研究提供理论方向,为级间热分离时序设计提供参考。     

Suppressing unsteady motion of shock wave by high-frequency plasma synthetic jet

Three Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators (PSJA) under the high-frequency actuation are used to control the Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI), a high-speed schlieren image processing method based on spatial Fourier transform as well as snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition were used to study the control effect of high-frequency plasma synthetic jet on low-frequency unsteadiness of SWBLI. The analysis of the base flow shows that the separated shock wave actually has both large- and small-amplitude vibrations at low frequency. And the results revealed that the PSJA with an operating frequency of 2 kHz has the ability to reduce the energy of low-frequency component of shock wave motion, indicating that the 2 kHz actuation can effectively suppress low-frequency unsteadiness of the separated wave. Compared with the actuation frequency of 2 kHz, the energy of low-frequency component of the shock wave is enhanced under the 8 kHz actuation, which aggravates the low-frequency unsteady motion of the shock wave. It is likely that the actuation frequency is too high, thus the intensity of the precursor shock wave induced by PSJA becomes weaker. Additionally, as the 4 kHz actuation is applied, the pulsation of the separation region was enhanced, it is speculated that the actuation frequency is coupled with the oscillation frequency of the separation region.     

低频压力振荡环境下静止液滴蒸发过程的准稳态模型

为了获得燃料液滴对压力变化得到响应特性,从微观上对压力振荡环境下的液滴蒸发过程进行了分析。结果表明压力振荡会导致流场内部力的不平衡,从而会使液滴周围边界层内气体产生周期性流动,以及液滴周围边界层内蒸气质量分数的振荡,最终会使液滴蒸发速率的产生与压力振荡周期相同的振荡。在此基础上,根据流动边界层理论,提出了饱和蒸气边界层的概念,建立了压力振荡环境下静止液滴蒸发的准稳态模型并进行了数值求解,获得了静止液滴蒸发速率对压力振荡的响应特性。     

热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构分析

为了评估热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构特性,初步发展了数值模拟方法。将AHL3D计算的超燃发动机三维内流场结果作为输入条件,然后通过参考焓法得到热环境数据,最后将发动机流道的热环境数据和压载数据输入到热/力响应有限元计算程序。通过对地面试验发动机的非稳态热分析计算结果表明,数值模拟方法适用性较好;沿轨道飞行发动机在发动机点火前机体最大温度可达825 K,喷涂绝热涂层能够降低机体温度;发动机机体的应力和位移随着时间的增加而增大。     

某涡轮级三维流场非定常数值研究

基于耦合Lantry-Menter转捩模型的SST(Shear stress transport)湍流模型,对某涡轮级在3个雷诺数工况下的全三维流场分别进行了定常、非定常数值模拟,目的在于对比分析两种计算方法所得结果之间的差异。计算结果表明,进口雷诺数为4×104时和5×105时,定常与非定常计算的涡轮级效率的差异较大,最大相差0.6个百分点,而当雷诺数为8×104时,两者差异很小;非定常计算能够较好的模拟叶尖泄漏涡的发展过程、低雷诺数下上游尾迹与下游转子叶片吸力面分离边界层干涉诱导卷起涡的形成、输运及其所导致的叶片吸力面表面压力大幅波动等非定常流动现象。最后,给出了转子出口截面上周向与径向的非定常压力脉动的分布,为基于Lighthill声类比方法的计算气动声学研究奠定了基础。     

处理机匣激励频率对跨声速压气机性能的影响

通过改变处理机匣槽数来改变处理机匣对压气机内部流场的非定常激励频率,对4种激励频率下压气机性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,处理机匣槽数对应的非定常激励频率是影响压气机性能的关键因素之一。通过优化处理机匣对压气机非定常激励的频率,压气机性能可以得到全面提升:对于实验用跨声速压气机,在近设计转速下峰值效率、综合裕度和最大流量分别提高0.17%,19.86%和0.81%,而在低转速下这三个增量最大分别可达到1.13%,57.84%和1.57%。     

振荡环境下推进剂液滴亚临界蒸发响应特性

针对推进剂液滴在惰性气体中的蒸发过程建立了非定常物理模型,并应用全隐差分格式离散模型方程进行数值求解。研究了液滴蒸发过程对环境气体压力振荡的响应特性,可为液体火箭发动机不稳定燃烧分析提供理论基础。